{"id":193,"date":"2020-09-16T11:05:56","date_gmt":"2020-09-16T09:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/laurenceretourne.fr\/?p=193"},"modified":"2020-10-08T22:22:33","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T20:22:33","slug":"aux-origines-de-legypte-ancienne-le-predynastique-recent-et-lunification-politique-22-03-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laurenceretourne.fr\/?p=193","title":{"rendered":"Aux origines de l&rsquo;\u00c9gypte ancienne &#8211; Le pr\u00e9dynastique r\u00e9cent et l&rsquo;unification politique (22.03.12)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les \u00e9changes de produits entre Orient et Afrique ont apport\u00e9 richesse et importance politique \u00e0 certaines cit\u00e9s. En Nubie, des sites&nbsp;comme Sayala ou Qustul, dans le Delta, des cit\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par les sites de Tell el-Farkha ou de Ma\u00e2di, ou dans la vall\u00e9e, avec \u00c9l\u00e9phantine, Edfou, Hi\u00e9rakonpolis, Gebelein, Naqada, Coptos, Abydos sont autant de relais des \u00e9changes commerciaux, dont certains prennent l&rsquo;\u00e9minence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans un premier temps, Naqada (noubet &#8211; celle de l&rsquo;or) \u00e9tait situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e d&rsquo;un ouadi conduisant \u00e0 des mines d&rsquo;or s&rsquo;impose. C&rsquo;est l\u00e0 que l&rsquo;on a mis au jour la 1e occurrence de la couronne rouge (tombe 1610). Pourtant, elle se fait \u00e9vinc\u00e9e par Hi\u00e9rakonpolis qui, situ\u00e9e au sud, semble s&rsquo;allier \u00e0 Abydos qui&nbsp;prendrait le relais au nord selon les graffiti retrouv\u00e9s dans le&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/oi.uchicago.edu\/pdf\/OIP119.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Djebel Tjaouty<\/a>&nbsp;reliant les deux villes. Hi\u00e9rakonpolis devient la capitale historique du sud et fouill\u00e9 depuis longtemps par&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/interactive.archaeology.org\/hierakonpolis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ren\u00e9e Friedman<\/a>, nous livre des informations toujours plus int\u00e9ressantes et consistantes. Pour le nord, curieusement ce sont les fouilles de&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/PDF\/Cialowicz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">K. Cialowicz&nbsp;de Tell el Farkha<\/a>&nbsp;qui sont&nbsp;les plus r\u00e9v\u00e9latrices&nbsp;de l&rsquo;unification culturelle alors que la m\u00e9moire collective retient Bouto comme capitale. Puis, suite \u00e0 cette 1e phase d&rsquo;unification culturelle, l&rsquo;unification politique est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e : l&rsquo;\u00c9gypte pharaonique est n\u00e9e, on entre dans la p\u00e9riode du protodynastique. Le document le plus parlant est la fameuse palette de Narmer, premier document mentionnant un roi \u00e9gyptien porteur des deux couronnes (Mus\u00e9e du Caire). C&rsquo;est ainsi que la transition s&rsquo;est op\u00e9r\u00e9e entre le pr\u00e9dynastique les \u00ab\u00a0dynasties&nbsp;00 et 0\u00a0\u00bb et la premi\u00e8re proto dynastie, la dynastie 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les \u00e9changes de produits entre Orient et Afrique ont apport\u00e9 richesse et importance politique \u00e0 certaines cit\u00e9s. En Nubie, des sites&nbsp;comme Sayala ou Qustul, dans le Delta, des cit\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es par les sites de Tell el-Farkha ou de Ma\u00e2di, ou dans la vall\u00e9e, avec \u00c9l\u00e9phantine, Edfou, Hi\u00e9rakonpolis, Gebelein, Naqada, Coptos, Abydos sont autant de relais [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Aux origines de l&#039;\u00c9gypte ancienne - Le pr\u00e9dynastique r\u00e9cent et l&#039;unification politique (22.03.12) - Laurence Retourn\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/laurenceretourne.fr\/?p=193\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aux origines de l&#039;\u00c9gypte ancienne - Le pr\u00e9dynastique r\u00e9cent et l&#039;unification politique (22.03.12) - Laurence Retourn\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les \u00e9changes de produits entre Orient et Afrique ont apport\u00e9 richesse et importance politique \u00e0 certaines cit\u00e9s. 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